The Energy Regulation Board (ERB) was established with the aim to balance the needs of undertakings in the electricity, renewable and non-renewable energy sources, and petroleum sectors, with the needs of energy consumers. The mandate of the ERB is to regulate the energy sector in line with the provisions of the Energy Regulation Act Cap 436 of the Laws of Zambia.

The ERB has the responsibility of ensuring that utilities earn a reasonable rate of return on their investments and provide a quality service at affordable prices to the consumer. In order to carry out this role, the ERB, among other functions, ensures that all energy utilities in the sector are licensed, monitors levels and structures of competition, and investigates and remedies consumer complaints.